[FFE 영어] 토론에 필요한 영어표현

주제의 도입 진행 전환 마무리

I should treat this subject (with respect to)  in some detail

with regard to (with respect to , as regards , regarding, concerning, pertaining to) 에 관하여

when it comes to unemployment, this month number is the highest since the financial crisis last year.

I begin the chapter by looking at some of the relevant facts that describe unemployment.

in particular, we examine two questions. 

this is bank rescure plan and that is unemployment rate.

I then turn to the reasons why economics always experience some unemployment. 

the main point at issue is whether us economy can rebound by the end of this year.

let me break in just on the compensation issue.

can I stop you there before we get to the restrictions ?

the discussion is on economy recovery plan and it stands regardless of /how bad the economy is

as far as economy is concerned , i am an absolute beginner.

consider an aspect / discuss an aspect / deal with an aspect / focus on an aspect of the result of the stress test.

the problems related to the environment become progressively more comprehensive 

I am not familiar what is required for it. anything you can do to assist this going smooth would be appreciated. 

핵심을 짚자면 

To really drive the point home, let’s call it by something a little more striking: World (Currency) War I, or WCW1.

핵심을 짚자면, 특징을 조금 더 명확히 하기 위해 이것을 세계 화폐전쟁이라고 부르도록 하자. 

근거의 기술

these data come from a regular survey of about 60,000 households, called the current population survey. 

Because most of the profit come from one-time sources that aren't likely to be repeated, but the losses are a continuing problem that keeps on getting bigger and bigger and bigger. And analysts expect that institutions are going to continue reporting these kinds of losses and even larger losses on the loans that they've made.

~와 관련하여

in connection with(in relation to) shopping in America, "I am just looking" is a very useful phrase to know.

in addition to the money that we,re giving you, stop giving us money. keep it for yourselves.

원인 이유 문제의발생

As/Since(간접이유)  because(직접이유)/,for   

the penalty results from the lapse of your insurance.

A lapse in insurance coverage results in the suspension of your vehicle registration privilege for three months. 

a major bank set off new tremors that rattled the financial world today. it sparked a sell-off in the stock market. 

Bank of America sowed new doubts in the markets when it set aside $13 billion for loan losses in the first quarter. That was a sharp increase from the previous quarter, and it overshadowed the bank's profit of nearly $3 billion. Chief Executive Kenneth Lewis issued a statement, saying, "We continue to face extremely difficult challenges, primarily from deteriorating credit quality." Bank stocks had led the way in Wall Street's recent rally, but today's news rekindled fears.On Sunday, White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel tried to allay those fears on ABC.

banks also faced new question about how they're using all that federal aid. 

China has particular cause to worry that America’s massive printing of money in response to the financial crisis will undermine the value of its dollar reserves.

any attempt to dump its stock of dollars would risk triggering a plunge in the currency.

every private-equity-backed company that fails will be cited as evidence for the prosecution by hostile politicians. 

인용 일반견해

he issued a statement , saying "we continue to face extremely difficult challenges. primarily from deteriorating credit quality"

government reports indicate that ~

this indicates the degree to which a person is influenced by what he learned as a child.

it is viewed as a useful alternative way of dealing with these troublesome school problems.

it is considered a useful alternative way of dealing with these financial crisis

there are always two sides to every problem 

what is interesting about money is not its value, but the behavior of people toward it. 

it is not uncommon these days to hear of people who become disenchanted with city life 

Isn't there broad agreement that those plans under both administrations did keep some places from going under? go under 파산하다

There's no question that in the fall the government's intervention was critical to sustaining the financial industry and to keeping a lot of these companies in business.

the program as originally outlined was for healthy, well-capitalized institutions. 

usually the way someone speaks reveals his or her character. 

their reason for taking drugs are as varied as the environments in which they live. 

traditionally, auto-racing has always been a man's sport for it takes a great deal of stamina

vegetarianism in the west is less a matter of economic necessity than of taste

vegetables tend to have a higher water content so that vegetarians automatically take larger quantities of water

there is much to criticize and little to praise in the schooling we received

there are , however, still lingering doubts as to whether this new system can replace the old one.

the same rules will apply to the novel prizewinners and their equivalents

people don't work as hard nowadays as they used to.

plastic surgery today is widely practiced and caused little controversy

schools as we know them today won't exist in the 21st century

TIME magazine differs from LIFE in that it is more serious

the new system, though not objectionable in itself, might lead to great concern

FOOD is something that is of immediate concern to everyone, everywhere.

주의 요망

The ECB has had one eye on the exit since the start of the crisis 

예측

I think there will be a real big cry for another stimulus.

I would expect to see some push for further stimulus.

추측

i think it is a reflection of how bad the data actually is .

is there any indication of the future health of the economy coming from that?

it imply that it is constant over time or impervious to economic policy

should 일반추측. were to 가능성없는 추측. would  주어의 강한 의지.

if a car accident should happen, who should take care of it? 

if it were not for your help, i should be lost. = were it not for your help = but for your help.

it's just doubtful whether the central bank will keep the interest rate unchanged, at 1 %.

No/small wonder that the ECB is loth to soil its hand with public debt.

I don't think it's too strong to say that they hate relying on the government. They hate the uncertainty associated with the possibility that Congress will impose(place) new restrictions on them. They hate needing government help.

Others reckon this is too optimistic. 

가정 조건

if things go wrong your reputation takes a hit. For the smaller markets it is easier to just sell when the news gets bad.

i can do it provided that you can do it 만일 ~ 이기만 한다면, supposing it were true, what would happen? 만약 ~이라면

in case i forget, please remind me of the promise.

i will issue you your temporary tag on condition that you deliver the paper on time 

it's only a matter of time before we can find any evidence. 

의문

it's open to question that the central bank raised the interest rate last month 

it muddles several different problems.

서술 

They marshal some surprisingly good arguments

in effect, the ECB could appear to have lost sight of inflation 사실상. 실제에 있어

is that how it buys the administration some time in not having to go back to Congress for more money? 시간을 벌다

i would like to make it clear that i am not prejudiced against anyone 

I am aware of the fact that you lost your tag. 

If my memory serves me right, he have been here before.

I have great difficulty/trouble finding out the way to fix the problem.

i have never considered studying abroad.

Temporary tag is commonly used to move a vehicle from Campkim to TMP. 

This rule can appear to you as something odd 

What the government has said both publicly and privately is that they will not allow the banks to repay this money until they are convinced that it is good not just for the individual institutions but for the economy as a whole.

more and more people are finding it increasingly stressful to commute to work 

sex education at school will come as quite a shock if you've been accustomed to a regular curriculum.

the focus on policy rates may put the ECB in a bad(good) light.  불리하게(유리하게) 보이게 하다. but these are no longer a reliable guide to the overall monetary policy stance.

선호 또는 여러개중의 하나 선택

keeping the totemic refi rate above zero may be seen as necessary to prevent inflation expectations from drifting up.

i would rather that he come next week than today.

If he'd lived in 1400, he'd rather have been a knight than a monk

I'd rather you were happy

you would rather ask a question of him than do it your self.

It is more difficult to put on a tag than might be thought. 

there are three types of what you can choose.

As an alternative, you can park your car in our parking lot until you obtain your exception to policy.

personally, i believe that every human being has the right to equal opportunity.

No matter how long it takes, i will complete my task. 

Many people still consider it odd that a woman can make a political career. 

i believe it important that these claims (should) be widely known 

in reality(as a matter of fact, indeed, Actually), more and more people are going into service work these days.

honestly, naturally, of couse, computer games are more interesting than anything else.

it is ture that half of a man's life is spent at work

Violator´s vehicles will be towed away at owner´s expense. 

the good thing about it is that you don't need to speak fluent english 

의견표현

you must take into consideration that the fabric of society in that country is completely different from ours. 

he is , as it were, a walking dictionary . so to speak = as it were. 말하자면.

it seems to me that her attitude is typical of the N generation.

i tend to think that nowadays kids watch too much television.

the way i see it is that social drinking sometimes lends to heavy drinking. 내가 보기에는

what i suggest is that prisons should be abolished and some more humane way of treating prisoners be found.

it seems to be typical of New York style. 

From an medical point of view, he shows no evidence of illness. 

i think there is some sense in that the central bank need to cut the interest rate 일리가 있다.

what i mean is there is no sense in appealing it. 분별없는 짓이다.

what surprises me is that he have driven his car without a driver license. 

i have little knowledge of the actual production of what i buy and i am therefore unable to make firsthand judgements of quality. 

you can get a safety inspection at either a car care center or a gas station. 

the one(this, former) is next door, and the other(that, latter) one is 10 minutes away from the commisary.

As far as import document is concerned, we don't know how to get it. 

Either way, you will pay the ticket.

As i have pointed out, you must contact your insurance agency.

Even so, there is still 1 parking ticket.  

leaders of big financial institutions are showing a real ambivalence about continuing to participate in government rescue plans.

it remains to be seen if the banks can meet that standard.

on the one hand, she advocates a classless society, on the other hand

she prides herself on living in the west

i don't see any chance of putting these ideas into practice 

part of the reason for this may lie in people choosing a holiday that is unsuitable for them. 

다른말로 표현하면

in other words =  To put it another way. 

even though it has not been spelt out in so many words by someone else, every one can understand this. 

in this regard(in this respect), music surely has meaning for everyone in some way or other. 이런 점에서

i have never been ill in my life, in this respect i have been very lucky. 

열거

For one thing the immigrants have different value. and then many of them do not speak English.ranger

one concern is that ~. another reason is that ~. another criticism is that ~. 

for one thing ~, for another~.

마무리

to sum up, we can say that women are often superior to men in almost every field 

조심스러운 판단

there may be a reluctance to admit that such a gushing provision of liquidity has altered the policy stance. 

the ECB 's rate-setting council has been chary of cutting rates closer to zero as policymakers elsewhere have done. 

its reluctance to do more has attracted criticism, only some of it fair. 단지 일부만이 정당하다. 

is that why CEOs are so reluctant to say the worst is over?

과거로부터의 교훈을 얻다

Japan’s experience in 1997, when a rise in consumption taxes pushed the economy back into recession, is a reminder that a rush to fiscal tightening is counterproductive, especially after a banking bust.

첫째로, 우선

 first of all; firstly; above all; in the first place; before everything; to begin with

수치 정도 표현

Mr Kedrosky puts the figure at $12 billion. It’s difficult to put a figure on a table like this, but it’s probably worth about $5 000

the demographic bill is likely to be ten times bigger than the fiscal cost of the financial crisis.

2:3 = 4:6 two is to three as four is to six

Inflation rose by 3 % to 9.5%

The loss is estimated at 500,000.

the longer you delay, the more you're likely to pay.

the longer you delay the fewer options you have.

The longer you delay, the larger these charges grow.

Of your ticket record, just 1 parking ticket is still outstanding. 

when will we start to get some stress test numbers?

a handful of banks want to give the money  back earlier than expected

the big washing machine holds about three times as many clothes as the regular one. 

things have changed a lot since the 1950s for various reasons. 

overnight interest rates in the euro zone have fallen to a record low of 0.3 %.

Some of it was accounting; some of it was investment banking. This was a wonderful quarter to be an investment banker, ironically enough. Banks made a lot of money from their Wall Street trading activities. But where they didn't make money was their traditional retail banking activities. The core business of making loans to consumers and businesses, they continue to rack up huge losses there.

비교 분류 공통 차이 연관

분류 

the problem of unemployment is usefully divided into two categories.(falls into) 

In part, it will help us differentiate the strongest banks from the weaker ones. It will tell us who really is healthy enough to think about paying back the government.

공통점

The one thing that all countries have in common is that they exerience high unemployment rates.

비교

The laziest distinction that investors are now making between different markets is based on size.

apples to apples comparision  그리고 apples to oranges comparision

apples to oranges comparison 은 전혀 맞지 않는 비교를 하다 라는 의미이고, 이와는 반대로 apples to apples comparision는 

적당한 대상과 비교를 하다라는 의미이다. 같은 종류의 사과와 사과를 비교해야 우위를 따질수 있는데 사과와 오랜지는 같은 종류가 아니라 비교자체가 의미가 없다는 의미이다. 

they now need to equalize the results and make sure that they are comparing apples to apples. 

broadly speaking, long plates as opposed to regular ones are designed for specific models manufactured since 2006. 

When you make a comparison, you consider two or more things and discover the differences between them.

When you make a comparison, you say that one thing is like another in some way

# by[in] comparison 비교해 보면

# challenge comparison with …와 우열을 겨루다

# bear[stand] comparison with …에 필적하다

# make[draw] a comparison between A and B (A와 B를) 비교하다

# in comparison with[to] …와 비교해 볼 때 (compared with)

# beyond[without, out of all] comparison 유례 없는 [없이] 

# in contrast to (by contrast with) 

# x is different from y in several ways.

# x is similar to y in several ways.

# x and y have several things in common.

# a comparison between x and y reveals that ~

# compared with x , it's cheaper.

# in proportion to the delay period, it's getting higher 와 비례하여

연관

it is closely associated with the short-run ups and downs of economic activity. 

European politicians have seized the chance provided by the financial crisis to propose new rules for the industry, despite the lack of evidence that it had much to do with the credit crunch.

정도 가능성 불가능 아무리일지라도 의심

there is no using a bus lane that's why  your car is designed for 6 passengers only

there is no denying the fact. /dinai/

however humble it may be, there is no place like home.

There is no saying what will happen tomorrow.

personally , i believe that we should find enough time for our family, however busy we may be.

it is highly unlikey.

is there any chance that i might be able to take a few days off? 

In this matters, i can not help imposing a fine on you and you have no choice but to pay the fine.  

This is unlikely, in fact, even if you appeal your ticket. 

You are most likely to lose and pay the ticket even though you appeal it. 

it's quite easy to differentiate between a middle class and a working class child. 

There is certainly a tendency for drivers who have been in Korea for less than 30 days to make illegal left turns into GATE 1.

that depends on how efficient it is. 

it seems like only yesterday that we were married 

의심 의문

Things could get more fractious, though 까다로운, 다루기 어려운.

a major bank set off new tremors that rattled the financial world today. it sparked a sell-off in the stock market. 

bank of america sowed new doubt in the markets when it set aside $13 bn for loan losses in the first quarter.that was a sharp increase from the previous quarter. and it overshadowed the bank's profit of nearly $3 bn. 

today's news rekindled fears.

here were also concerns about a New York Times report that the administration may convert federal loans to the banks into common stock. The move would delay having to ask Congress for more money, but it also raised new questions about nationalizing major banks.

Banks also faced new questions about how they're using all that federal aid. The Wall Street Journal reported lending at the largest institutions has fallen more sharply than government reports indicate.

Yet eye-popping deficits and the uncharted nature of today’s monetary policy, with the Federal Reserve (like the Bank of England) printing money to buy government bonds, are prompting concerns that America’s debt might eventually be inflated away.

What appears to be is not what really is.

허가  행동유도 제안

your first priority at this point is to ~

be permitted to . be eligible to . be entitled to . be allowed to

they need to go back to the banks and reach an agreement with them.

If the ECB had been more proactive, the recession would have been less bad. the striving for consensus militated against bolder action.

We've had to spend a significant amount of money, both on the recovery act to create and save jobs and to lay the foundations for long-term sustainable economic growth, also in order to make sure that the financial systems are strong enough to start lending to businesses and communities so that we can start creating jobs again. That was the right thing to do and the necessary thing to do.

심사숙고하다

officials are mulling two ways out of the "dollar trap":: persuading the world to adopt a new global currency and encouraging the international use of the yuan.

i think it no longer makes sense that the universities remain in a densely populated part of Seoul. 

there is a lot of truth in it, still i believe that there should be a speed limit on all roads. 그것의 많은 부분은 사실이지만 여전히~

i am in favor of the new regulation to ban people from smoking in all public places. 에 찬성한다.

i partly agree that housework is time-consuming and certainly not easy. 부분적으로 동의한다.

i agree on the point that those ideas are behind the times. 시대에 뒤떨어진다는 지적에 동의한다.

i think it might be a good idea if you could exercise on a regular basis, whether or not you are busy.

i sympathize with his idea but am disappointed at his way of working 

it may be useful to refer to a business dictionary to read financial pages in the newspaper. 

all that matters now is that the new government implements the necessary reforms without delay 

in some cases addiction will be lifelong; in others it may be a temporary phase. 

지금까지는 긍정적이다

offering ample liquidity support to banks gets you only so far.

반대 부정적

i am against the idea that all the factories causing pollution should be closed down. 

i don't think it is right to change jobs frequently.

i agree with you in principle, but my opinion on teenage drinking is rather different.

taking all that consideration, i think that the whole situation is not as confusing as it looks 

CEOs are so reluctant to say the worst is over.

you can blame TV for the fact that children take longer to learn to read these days.

most european countries have scant room for higher taxes. 

how do you turn that around? 그것을 어떻게 되돌려 놓을껀가요?

All these changes should provide an answer to a long-running debate about the industry. Is it, as its supporters claim, a superior business model in which the interests of managers and investors are better aligned? Or is it, as its detractors claim, a simple financing ruse designed to allow rich people to take advantage of various tax breaks while simultaneously stripping assets and sacking workers?

중립

 they show a real ambivalence about continuing to participate in government rescue plan.

해결책

A solution to the problem may lie in using an alternative means of transport - the bicycle 

the key to the solution of many social problems lies in a wider understanding of the facts of economic life. 

one of the best ways to shop seems to prepare in advance by making a list of what you need 

All the proposed solutions now boil down to one ; specialization and globalization.

spending control should take priority.

당연 사실 서술

it goes without saying that the current financial crisis is very serious.

To tell the truth, you may not overstay in the same location more than 5 minutes.

i wouldn't doubt that it is all due to ~ .

it's common knowledge that the president Clinton is a womanizer.

There is no doubt that some problem will arise before long.

Yoga is believed to be conducive to a longer, healthier life.

illness is thought to be the result of an improper balance of the body's forces.

irrespective of what side you take, you should start immediate negotiations

it is needless to say that breaking down the walls of prejudice is difficult.

it is a generally accepted trust that cigarette smoking is harmful to the health.

it takes considerable expertise to forecast the fluctuation in stock prices.

it is quite right to point out that most applicants just do not qualify for the job.

it is worth pointing out that pollution has put fish at risk

Nowadays job mobility is the rule rather than the exception

the importance of the new law can be seen from the fact that even opposition has voted for it.

it is in the nature of things that the best way to achieve success is by doing what we love

it is no quetion that in the fall the government 's intervention was ciritical to sustaining the financial industry and to keeping a lot of these companies in business.

하려고 했다. 하려고 한다.

The ECB would aim to keep overnight interest rates close to the refi rate. 

생각/의견은 무엇이니?

what do you say to going out for a lunch?

i won't make any sense. 이해가 안된다.

what do you think of it? 

it just got me thinking life is so short. the phone belongs to the victim.

it slipped my mind. 깜박했어.

what do you base that optimism on ? 그런 낙관론은 어디에 기초를 둔건가요?

의도 목적은 ~ 이다

the intent of this was so that we could operate the business on a breakeven level -- earnings before interest and taxes -- so think of it as the operations, if you will, that we could generate a breakeven, if you will, in a 10 million-unit industry, about 18 percent to 18.5 percent market share. That is about where it is today, which is the lowest level of demand we've seen since post-World War II in the U.S.

부가적 표현

in a sense 어떤 점으로는, 

their reputations make them a magnet for top entrepreneurs.

it was just kind of an anomaly .

i came near being late. 

i always make a point of getting up early.

i was just on the point of starting the job. 막 무엇을 하려던 참이었다.

when you be there, you will be informed of some place you can get a safety inspection.

the plate has the vehicle class, hangeul prefix, and four-digit serial number. 

unless you do it, i may be forced to impose a fine on you.

did you expect me to complete this ?

They normally hand these types of matters.

is there any chance that i might be able to take a few days off? 

The sign on the lawn says clearly that people may not walk on the grass. May(허가의 의미)

once these cycles get started, they're very hard to break.

As rust eats (into) iron, so care eats (into) the heart

he defended the bank rescue plan as he met with his cabinet. as = when의 뜻보다 동시성의 뜻이 강하며, while과 거의 같이 씀

As spring comes, the birds move northward

As a child, he lived in England

As I was tired, I soon fell asleep

because는 직접적인 이유를 명시하고, as는 가볍고 부대적인 이유를 말할 때 쓰는데 뜻이 애매하기 때문에 미에서는 because나 since를 씀

Woman as she was, she was brave  = 원래는 she was brave as woman as she was 

Try as she would, she could not remember his phone number 

As we go up, the air grows colder

such friends as will benefit you 

This is the same kind of watch as I have lost

He is as honest a man as I’ve ever met

As we had expected, he did not show up in time

This box can be used as a table. She took his remark as an insult[as insulting].

It was just as well you didn’t go with him

This cup holds half again(= one and a half times) as much coffee as the smaller one

She has as many[twice as many] foreign stamps as I have

we are running out of time. 시간이 없다

i'm behind in my work. 일이 밀려있다 so i have to meet a deadline. when is the due date?

soon after i had left may country, i started to feel homesick 

경제

lay the foundation for long-term sustainable economic growth.

Mr. Obama also said he means to begin cutting government spending by $100 million, for starters.

Because most of the profit come from one-time sources that aren't likely to be repeated, but the losses are a continuing problem that keeps on getting bigger and bigger and bigger. And analysts expect that institutions are going to continue reporting these kinds of losses and even larger losses on the loans that they've made.

they continue to rack up huge losses.

refuses a lone to a small business or pulls its line of credit.

It's both, and they feed off of each other. So when a bank, for example, refuses a loan to a small business or pulls its line of credit and that small business closes, its employees have less interest in borrowing for a mortgage or in using their credit cards. And that, in turn, cycles through the next small business, where they're no longer spending. Once these cycles get started, they're very hard to break.

the international financial system on a national currency will tend to exacerbate global imbalances.

The dollar’s reserve-currency status let America borrow cheaply, causing the country’s credit and housing bubbles to persist for longer than they otherwise would have.

Not only does China lack the economic and political track record required to underpin a reserve currency, but its currency is not fully convertible. 공적(성과 기여도) 에 근거를 주다. 명분을 주다.

A sudden fit of fiscal austerity would be a mistake. 

이해불가

Something about his explanation just doesn't sit right with me. 아무래도 그의 설명에는 납득이 가지 않는 데가 있다

 

당분간, 이순간부터 

the SDR is unlikely to become a reserve currency any time soon 당분간

from this point on,  our efforts are dedicated to customers. 지금 이순간부터. 

every now and then = occasionally